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Grammar Topic · 4 of 7

If Clauses (Conditionals)

Conditional sentences allow you to discuss possibilities, hypothetical situations, and consequences — essential for Task 2 essays when discussing solutions and future implications.

1

Section 1 of 4

Zero Conditional (General Truths and Facts)

Used for scientific facts, general truths, and habits. Both clauses use present tense.

✓ Rules

3
  • 1

    Structure: If + present simple, present simple

  • 2

    Use for: facts, scientific laws, general truths, automatic consequences

  • 3

    'When' can replace 'if' in Zero Conditional without changing meaning

Examples

3

Correct

If temperatures rise, ice caps melt.

Scientific fact

Correct

If governments invest in education, economic productivity increases.

General causal truth

Correct

When air quality deteriorates, respiratory illnesses become more common.

'When' = 'if' in Zero Conditional

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